{"id":92781,"date":"2026-04-17T16:25:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T13:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/?p=92781"},"modified":"2026-04-22T08:42:33","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T05:42:33","slug":"muasir-s%c9%99h%c9%99rsalma-siyas%c9%99tinin-dayaniqli-inkisaf-istiqam%c9%99tl%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/en\/muasir-s%c9%99h%c9%99rsalma-siyas%c9%99tinin-dayaniqli-inkisaf-istiqam%c9%99tl%c9%99ri\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma siyas\u0259tinin dayan\u0131ql\u0131 inki\u015faf istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bu m\u0259qal\u0259ni yaz\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u0259qs\u0259d 2026-c\u0131 ilin \u201c\u015e\u0259h\u0259rsalma v\u0259 \u201cMemarl\u0131q \u0130li\u201d c\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcasir urbanizasiya prosesind\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma siyas\u0259tini t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 yenid\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kdir. BMT-nin 2018-ci il qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin 55 %-d\u0259n art\u0131q \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r v\u0259 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bu g\u00f6st\u0259ricinin 68 %-\u0259 \u00e7ataca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir. Bu dinamika torpaq istifad\u0259si, h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f keyfiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 iqlim dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 daha inteqr\u0259 olunmu\u015f q\u0259rarlar t\u0259l\u0259b edir (United Nations, 2018).<\/p>\n

M\u00f6vzunun aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 Dayan\u0131ql\u0131 \u0130nki\u015faf M\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rinin (D\u0130M) 11.7 h\u0259d\u0259fi il\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259nir: BMT, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ham\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz, inkl\u00fcziv, \u0259l\u00e7atan, ya\u015f\u0131l v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli ictimai m\u0259kanlara \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131, dayan\u0131ql\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir (United Nations Statistics Division, 2025). Yeni \u015e\u0259h\u0259r G\u00fcnd\u0259liyi bu yana\u015fman\u0131 daha da inki\u015faf etdir\u0259r\u0259k ictimai m\u0259kanlar\u0131 sosial qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259, sa\u011flaml\u0131q, iqtisadi m\u00fcbadil\u0259 v\u0259 iqlim dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7oxfunksiyal\u0131 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kimi t\u0259qdim edir (United Nations, 2017).\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u0259qal\u0259nin m\u0259qs\u0259di k\u00f6hn\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma prinsipl\u0259rini m\u00fcqayis\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259hlil etm\u0259k v\u0259 ictimai m\u0259kanlar\u0131n yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilinin niy\u0259 dayan\u0131ql\u0131 inki\u015faf strategiyas\u0131 kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259li oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kdir. Metodoloji \u0259sas m\u00fcqayis\u0259li \u0259d\u0259biyyat icmal\u0131d\u0131r: icmalda tarixi planla\u015fd\u0131rma s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri, beyn\u0259lxalq normativ \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 rezenziyal\u0131 elmi m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r birlikd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilib.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6hn\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma prinsipl\u0259rinin m\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlili: Klassik funksionalist \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma modelinin \u0259n t\u0259sirli m\u0259tnl\u0259rind\u0259n biri C\u0130AM-\u0131n (M\u00fcasir Memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Beyn\u0259lxalq konqresl\u0259ri) Afina Xartiyas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0259n\u0259d \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri d\u00f6rd \u0259sas funksiya \u2013 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f, i\u015f, istirah\u0259t v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat \u00fczr\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr v\u0259 bu funksiyalar\u0131n rasional \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilini planla\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 qoyur. Xartiyada zonala\u015fd\u0131rma, s\u00fcr\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259snif edil\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri, y\u00fcks\u0259km\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f bloklar\u0131n\u0131n bir-birind\u0259n aral\u0131 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131rma proqramlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur. Bu modelin tarixi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti b\u00f6y\u00fck olsa da, onun m\u0259kan\u0131n canl\u0131 sosial istifad\u0259sin\u0259 deyil, daha \u00e7ox funksiya, n\u0259zar\u0259t, sanitariya v\u0259 n\u0259qliyyat s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verdiyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Jane Jacobs bu yana\u015fman\u0131n \u0259sas z\u0259ifliyini \u015f\u0259h\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bliyinin azaltmas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. O, qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q istifad\u0259, q\u0131sa kvartallar, y\u00fcks\u0259k k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 aktivliyi v\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik t\u0259maslar\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri oldu\u011funu ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u00fcasir dayan\u0131ql\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri d\u0259 bu t\u0259nqidd\u0259n sonra formala\u015fan yeni paradiqman\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir. Yeni \u015e\u0259h\u0259r G\u00fcnd\u0259liyi urban yenil\u0259nm\u0259, infill inki\u015faf (\u015f\u0259h\u0259r daxilind\u0259 bo\u015f sah\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131), i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131 yana\u015fmalar, insan miqyas\u0131, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 v\u0259 ictimai m\u0259kan \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri, h\u0259m\u00e7inin piyada v\u0259 velosiped h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin t\u0259\u015fviqini vur\u011fulay\u0131r (United Nations, 2017). OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development \u2013 \u0130qtisadi \u018fm\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q v\u0259 \u0130nki\u015faf T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131) kompakt \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri daha y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0131xl\u0131q, qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q istifad\u0259 v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi Panel on Climate Change \u2013 \u0130qlim D\u0259yi\u015fikliyi \u00fczr\u0259 H\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 Panel) is\u0259 kompakt urban forma, az avtomobil as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 sektorlararas\u0131 inteqrasiyan\u0131n torpaq v\u0259 material istifad\u0259sini azaltmaqda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir (\u0130PCC, 2022a;\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130PCC, 2022b).<\/p>\n

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C\u0259dv\u0259l 1.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6hn\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma prinsipl\u0259rinin m\u00fcqayis\u0259si<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qeyd: <\/strong>M\u00fcqayis\u0259 C\u0130AM , United Nations (2017), OECD\u00a0 (2012), \u0130PCC (2022a, 2022b) m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin sintezi \u0259sas\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u015e\u0259kil 1. K\u00f6hn\u0259 modeld\u0259n ictimai m\u0259kan y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc dayan\u0131ql\u0131 model\u0259 ke\u00e7id<\/p>\n

\u0130ctimai m\u0259kanlar\u0131n yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkilinin strateji \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131: Ara\u015fd\u0131rma n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131lan m\u00fcqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlil g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalmada ictimai m\u0259kan \u0259lav\u0259 v\u0259 ya k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i element deyil. Yeni \u015e\u0259h\u0259r G\u00fcnd\u0259liyi ictimai m\u0259kanlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r, s\u0259kil\u0259r, velosiped zolaqlar\u0131, meydanlar, sahilyan\u0131 sah\u0259l\u0259r, ba\u011flar v\u0259 parklar daxil olmaqla \u00e7oxfunksiyal\u0131 sistem kimi t\u0259qdim edir; bu sistem sosial qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259ni, sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131, iqtisadi f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni ifad\u0259ni d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259lidir (United Nations, 2017).<\/p>\n

Elmi \u0259d\u0259biyyat da bu yana\u015fman\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir. Qi, Mazumdar v\u0259 Vasconcelosun sistematik icmal\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, ictimai m\u0259kan sosial koheziyan\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndir\u0259 bil\u0259r, lakin bunun \u0259l\u00e7atanl\u0131q, qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q istifad\u0259, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259kan keyfiyy\u0259ti vacibdir (Qi, Mazumdar, \ud835\udcc8 Vasconcelos, 2024). Ya\u015f\u0131l m\u0259kanlar\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259ti il\u0259 sa\u011flaml\u0131q aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259y\u0259 dair sistematik icmal is\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, ya\u015f\u0131l sah\u0259l\u0259rin tipi, \u0259laq\u0259liliyi v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259ti fiziki v\u0259 psixi sa\u011flaml\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcsb\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 ictimai m\u0259kanlar\u0131n yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkili t\u0259kc\u0259 abadla\u015fd\u0131rma kimi deyil, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin struktunun yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131 kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259lidir. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas n\u0259tic\u0259 budur ki, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r ictimai m\u0259kanlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca park v\u0259 ya meydan kimi deyil, piyada, velosiped v\u0259 ictimai n\u0259qliyyat sisteml\u0259ri, ya\u015f\u0131l infrastruktur, xidm\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 icma idar\u0259\u00e7iliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 vahid \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kimi planla\u015fd\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z bu halda ictimai m\u0259kan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 sosial inteqrasiyan\u0131, g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tliliyi, istilik dal\u011falar\u0131 v\u0259 da\u015fq\u0131n kimi riskl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyni vaxtda d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r (United Nations, 2017; \u0130PCC, 2022).<\/p>\n

Apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar bir daha g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma siyas\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259r \u0259sasd\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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  • \u015e\u0259h\u0259r daxilind\u0259 bir-biri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259, meydan, park v\u0259 piyada mar\u015frutlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t ictimai m\u0259kan \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/li>\n
  • Yeni periferiya geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox m\u00f6vcud m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259rin yenil\u0259nm\u0259si, infill inki\u015faf v\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q istifad\u0259nin t\u0259\u015fviqi;<\/li>\n
  • Ictimai n\u0259qliyyat, piyada v\u0259 velosiped h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 prioritet ver\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tlilik siyas\u0259ti;<\/li>\n
  • Layih\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 idar\u0259etm\u0259, saxlanma v\u0259 ictimai i\u015ftirak mexanizml\u0259rinin g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    N\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259, k\u00f6hn\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma prinsipl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 qayda, gigiyena v\u0259 funksional ayr\u0131lman\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131xarsa da, m\u00fcasir dayan\u0131ql\u0131 yana\u015fma \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri daha \u00e7ox \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r, qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q istifad\u0259, ictimai h\u0259yat v\u0259 iqlim dayan\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 prizmas\u0131ndan oxuyur. Bu ke\u00e7idd\u0259 ictimai m\u0259kan \u0259sas m\u0259kan-siyasi al\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilir.<\/p>\n

    Dem\u0259li, ictimai m\u0259kanlar\u0131n yenid\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkili dayan\u0131ql\u0131 inki\u015faf strategiyas\u0131 kimi yaln\u0131z n\u0259z\u0259ri deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 siyasi v\u0259 layih\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yana\u015fmad\u0131r. O, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalman\u0131n k\u00f6hn\u0259 funksional-par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f m\u0259ntiqind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xaraq insan miqyasl\u0131, inkl\u00fcziv v\u0259 iqlim\u0259 h\u0259ssas \u015f\u0259h\u0259r modelin\u0259 ke\u00e7id \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn praktik platforma yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Ming\u0259\u00e7evir D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0Mexanika kafedras\u0131n\u0131n dosenti, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    memarl\u0131q \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0M\u0259mm\u0259dova Ofeliya \u0130dris q\u0131z\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bu m\u0259qal\u0259ni yaz\u0131lmas\u0131nda m\u0259qs\u0259d 2026-c\u0131 ilin \u201c\u015e\u0259h\u0259rsalma v\u0259 \u201cMemarl\u0131q \u0130li\u201d c\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcasir urbanizasiya prosesind\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma siyas\u0259tini t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 yenid\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kdir. BMT-nin 2018-ci il qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin 55 %-d\u0259n art\u0131q \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r v\u0259 2050-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bu g\u00f6st\u0259ricinin 68 %-\u0259 \u00e7ataca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259nilir. 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