{"id":89838,"date":"2026-03-01T16:57:56","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T13:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/?p=89838"},"modified":"2026-03-16T17:01:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T14:01:23","slug":"shehersalma_yazi_2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/shehersalma_yazi_2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma tarixi haqq\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Taleh \u018fliyev,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>MDU-nun Humanitar f\u0259nnl\u0259r kafedras\u0131n\u0131n dosenti<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015e\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti b\u0259\u015f\u0259r svilizasiyalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yer tutur. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 tunc d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ilkin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin r\u00fc\u015feyml\u0259ri forlama\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Proto-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yimiz bu erk\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirirdi. Bel\u0259 ki, tayfalar v\u0259 tayfa ittifaqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi rolunu oynayan h\u0259min ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri zamanla daha da b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcr v\u0259 bir n\u00f6v ilkin inzibati fuksiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Proto-\u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n sonrak\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 yaranacaq q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc qismind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edirdi. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n bir s\u0131ra yerl\u0259rind\u0259, x\u00fcsusi il\u0259 Mesopotamiya v\u0259 Anadolu il\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259laq\u0259si olan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 bu c\u00fcr m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin formala\u015fmas\u0131 daha erk\u0259n ba\u015f verirdi. Arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rinin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri proto-\u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fundan x\u0259b\u0259r verir. Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Qaraba\u011f, Urmiya \u0259traf\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rinin izl\u0259ri \u00f6yr\u0259nilir. Q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259r r\u00fc\u015feyml\u0259rini formala\u015fd\u0131ran m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r sinifli c\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7idl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar bir s\u0131ra yeni funksiyalar\u0131 da \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva edir. Daha \u00e7ox ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli olan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 sal\u0131nan bu m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r \u0259srl\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259r\u0259k erk\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarixi-arxeoloji v\u0259 memarl\u0131q irsinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yerl\u0259ri ictimai qurulu\u015fun d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r meydana g\u0259lirdi. Az\u0259rbaycanda bu proses antik d\u00f6vrd\u0259 c\u0259r\u0259yan edirdi. E.\u0259. V-IV \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259, \u015e\u0259mkir, B\u0259rd\u0259, Nax\u00e7\u0131van kimi \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 erk\u0259n antik m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r formala\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7aqqall\u0131t\u0259p\u0259 (Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259), Qarac\u0259mirli (\u015e\u0259mkir), \u015eort\u0259p\u0259 (B\u0259rd\u0259), Meydant\u0259p\u0259 (Nax\u00e7\u0131van) ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131lan arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259rinin n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri bunu s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlar\u0131n h\u0259m m\u00fcdafi\u0259si, h\u0259m sosial h\u0259yat\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 inzibati rolu haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. M\u0259rk\u0259zi hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 iri inzibati binalar\u0131n qal\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fkar olunmas\u0131 h\u0259min \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin ya paytaxt, ya da inzibati m\u0259rk\u0259z rolunu oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n faktorlardand\u0131r. Arxeoloji \u0259d\u0259biyyatda q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259r statusu ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r var. T\u0259dqiqatlar h\u0259min g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerind\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259qdird\u0259 h\u0259min m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259nin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r olmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda konkret fikir s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Antik \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zi hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 iri s\u00fctun altl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fkar olunmas\u0131 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli binalar\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fundan x\u0259b\u0259r verir. Qarac\u0259mirlid\u0259 a\u015fkar olunan bu c\u00fcr qal\u0131qlar diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir. Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 antik \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcb s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olan tikili qal\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n tap\u0131lmas\u0131 da buna misald\u0131r. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u00fcdafi\u0259si x\u00fcsusi il\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0259narlar\u0131na enli x\u0259nd\u0259k qaz\u0131lmaqla i\u00e7\u0259risi su il\u0259 doldurulurdu. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin m\u00fcdafi\u0259 divarlar\u0131 b\u00fcrcl\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259rkidilir, giri\u015f hiss\u0259si x\u00fcsusi qorunurdu. B\u00fcrcl\u0259r m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Antik d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri daha da t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k d\u00f6vr etibar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcr v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan daha m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l forma al\u0131rd\u0131. E.\u0259. III-I \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Albaniyan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259, qal\u0131qlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lib \u00e7atan X\u0131n\u0131sl\u0131 (\u015eamax\u0131), Torpaqqala (Qax), Canax\u0131r (Xa\u00e7maz), D\u0259rb\u0259nd, \u015e\u0259h\u0259rburnu (Samux), \u015eahbulaq (A\u011fdam), Qalat\u0259p\u0259 (A\u011fcab\u0259di), \u015eort\u0259p\u0259 (B\u0259rd\u0259) kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yerl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma tarixind\u0259 erk\u0259n antik d\u00f6vr\u00fcn se\u00e7il\u0259n m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ridir. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yerl\u0259ri son antik m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 (b.e. I-III \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259) \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn n\u00f6vb\u0259ti inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sini ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir. Antik d\u00f6vr \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin memarl\u0131q sistemind\u0259 inzibati, dini-ictimai, sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni funksiyan\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan tikilil\u0259r, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, m\u00fcdafi\u0259 s\u0259ciyy\u0259li v\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan evl\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259r yer tuturdu. Arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar zaman\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u00fcdafi\u0259 divarlar\u0131, tax\u0131l anbarlar\u0131, ibad\u0259t yerl\u0259ri, ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f evl\u0259rinin b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r tikilil\u0259r a\u015fkar olunaraq elmi t\u0259dqiqata c\u0259lb edilmi\u015fdir. \u0130lk orta \u0259sr v\u0259 klassik orta \u0259srl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olan stratiqrafik qurulu\u015fa malik \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yerl\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycanda orta \u0259sr \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin t\u0259dqiqi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir. Tarixi, arxeoloji v\u0259 memarl\u0131q x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si orta \u0259sr \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin t\u0259hlili v\u0259 onlar\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini d\u0259 aktualla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda b\u0259zi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r antik d\u00f6vrd\u0259 sal\u0131nan m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yerl\u0259ri idi. B\u0259zil\u0259ri is\u0259 Xilaf\u0259t d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 v\u0259 ya sonrak\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 sal\u0131nan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rdir. Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259, B\u0259rd\u0259, \u015eahbulaq (A\u011fdam) v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r antik d\u00f6vrd\u0259n etibar\u0259n m\u00f6vcud olan v\u0259 orta \u0259srl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 daha da b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259r\u0259k iri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259n m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r idi. B\u0259zi antik \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r is\u0259 tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259n silinirdi. Bunun bir s\u0131ra s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri ola bil\u0259rdi. M\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r, t\u0259bii f\u0259lak\u0259tl\u0259r, yadelli h\u00fccumlar\u0131, sosial-iqtisadi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r v\u0259 dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri misal g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Orta \u0259sr Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259, \u015e\u0259mkir, Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259, Beyl\u0259qan, \u015eamax\u0131, \u015eabran, \u018fr\u0259\u015f, Bak\u0131, Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Q\u0131rx\u00e7\u0131raq, B\u0259ndovan v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yerl\u0259rinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti x\u00fcsusi vur\u011fulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259m\u00e7inin, C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycanda T\u0259briz, Mara\u011fa, Urmiya, \u018frd\u0259bil kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r daha da b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcr v\u0259 inki\u015faf edirdi. Orta \u0259sr yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 v\u0259 apar\u0131lan arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunan n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u0259sas\u0131nda h\u0259md\u00f6vr \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 funksiyaya g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ndiyini s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k olar. Paytaxt \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r daha b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259raziy\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259haliy\u0259 malik idi. \u0130nzibati binalar v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u00fcdafi\u0259si daha m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l t\u0259\u015fkil olunurdu. Daha \u00f6nc\u0259 bir n\u00fcdafi\u0259 divar\u0131na malik olan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fckc\u0259 onun ikinci m\u00fcdafi\u0259 divar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259rur\u0259t yaran\u0131rd\u0131. Divarlar\u0131n b\u00fcrcl\u0259ri d\u0259 t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015firdi. Bir s\u0131ra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Bu c\u00fcr \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r elmi \u0259d\u0259biyyatda b\u0259z\u0259n qala-\u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r d\u0259 adlan\u0131r. B\u0259zi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r is\u0259 ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131r v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131q-ticar\u0259t \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri kimi formala\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 karvansara qal\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 yollar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi tikilil\u0259rin qal\u0131qlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r g\u0259lib \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Orta \u0259sr \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131q m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259ri, bazar meydanlar\u0131, m\u0259scid v\u0259 m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259 qal\u0131qlar\u0131 kimi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli memarl\u0131q x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 da\u015f\u0131yan yerl\u0259r a\u015fkar olunmu\u015fdur. \u018fr\u0259b xilaf\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 bir s\u0131ra yeni \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r d\u0259 sal\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0259rdic v\u0259 B\u0259rz\u0259nc kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yerl\u0259ri buna misal ola bil\u0259r. H\u00fclak\u00fcl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259zi yeni \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r sal\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Q\u0131rx\u00e7\u0131raq (Salyan), B\u0259ndovan 1, B\u0259ndovan 2, Qutluq-Bal\u0131q (Z\u0259rdab) kimi m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r XIII-XIV \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 sal\u0131nan \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bir s\u0131ra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r is\u0259 XV-XVIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi inki\u015faf yolu ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir. Son orta \u0259srl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olan inki\u015faf Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259nin Qala hiss\u0259si, \u018fr\u0259\u015f, A\u011fsu, \u015eabran, Bak\u0131, \u015e\u0259ki kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 daha ayd\u0131n izl\u0259nilir. Bir s\u0131ra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r is\u0259 art\u0131q \u00f6z funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 itirir v\u0259 sad\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri kimi m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu davam etdirirdi. Xanl\u0131qlar d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259z rolunu oynayan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 son orta \u0259srl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n inki\u015faf yolunu ke\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin m\u00fcasir inki\u015faf yolu XIX \u0259sr\u0259dn etibar\u0259n formala\u015f\u0131r. Bak\u0131 iri neft m\u0259rk\u0259zi v\u0259 s\u0259naye \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u00e7evrilir. S\u0259nayenin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin inki\u015faf x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015fir. XIX \u0259srin sonu &#8211; XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 bu proses \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus formada gedirdi. XX \u0259srd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r modern \u00fcslubda b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u00fcr v\u0259 memarl\u0131q qurulu\u015fu s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 saxlay\u0131rd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan bug\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 inki\u015faf ed\u0259n v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 malikdir. XX \u0259rin ortalal\u0131nda in\u015fa olunan m\u00fcasir Ming\u0259\u00e7evir, Sumqay\u0131t, \u015eirvan kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r haz\u0131rda \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yer tutur. Modern \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r s\u0259naye, elm, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. M\u00fcasir memarl\u0131q \u00fcslubu paytaxt Bak\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259, Sumqay\u0131t, Ming\u0259\u00e7evir kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rimizd\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha qabar\u0131q b\u00fcruz\u0259 verir. Lakin bununla yana\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin tarixi qurulu\u015fu da qorunub saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. M\u00fcasir tariximizin q\u00fcrur m\u0259nb\u0259yi olan Qaraba\u011f z\u0259f\u0259ri tarixi Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u015eu\u015fa v\u0259 Xank\u0259ndi kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpas\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. A\u011fdam \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri is\u0259 yenid\u0259n in\u015fa olunur. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarixi k\u00f6kl\u0259ri oldu\u011funu, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin h\u0259r zaman bu sah\u0259y\u0259 x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t v\u0259 qay\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyini s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r sald\u0131qda sinifli c\u0259miyy\u0259tin erk\u0259n d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259n etibar\u0259n formala\u015fan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rsalma \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn 2500 illik tarixi il\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin q\u0259dim k\u00f6kl\u0259r\u0259 malik oldu\u011funu bir daha t\u0259sdiq edir. Bug\u00fcn m\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri Qafqaz\u0131n se\u00e7il\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri kimi \u00f6n s\u0131rada dayan\u0131r. Turizmin inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 xarici turistl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rimiz\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259tinin artmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n diqq\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 olan m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Tarixi k\u00f6kl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 inki\u015faf ed\u0259n m\u00fcasir Az\u0259rbaycan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 do\u011fru yeni inki\u015faf layih\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda ir\u0259lil\u0259yir. Burada \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin q\u0259dim hiss\u0259l\u0259ri, orta \u0259sr tikilil\u0259ri d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r, onlar\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259rpas\u0131 da h\u0259r zaman diqq\u0259td\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Taleh \u018fliyev, tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, MDU-nun Humanitar f\u0259nnl\u0259r kafedras\u0131n\u0131n dosenti \u015e\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti b\u0259\u015f\u0259r svilizasiyalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yer tutur. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 tunc d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 ilkin \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin r\u00fc\u015feyml\u0259ri forlama\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Proto-\u015f\u0259h\u0259r anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yimiz bu erk\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r sosial-iqtisadi v\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirirdi. Bel\u0259 ki, tayfalar v\u0259 tayfa ittifaqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi rolunu oynayan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":89841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[89841],"footnotes":""},"categories":[90,167],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanitar","category-shrsalma-v-memarliq-ili","post_format-post-format-gallery","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89845,"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89838\/revisions\/89845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdu.edu.az\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}